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브레이크뉴스 문홍철 기자= 4050 중장년 구직자가 재취업 시 가장 중요하게 고려하는 근무조건은 남성은 ‘임금 수준’, 여성은 ‘근무 시간’인 것으로 조사됐다. 이들이 가장 필요로 하는 재취업 지원정책은 ‘중장년 특화 유연근무제 및 시간제 일자리 확대’인 것으로 나타났다.
30일 한국경제인협회에 따르면 여론조사 전문기관인 모노리서치에 의뢰해 4050 중장년 구직자를 대상으로 실시한 재취업 인식 설문조사(500명 응답)를 실시한 결과, 남성은 ‘임금 수준(33.7%)’, 여성은 ‘근무 시간(49.7%)’이 가장 많은 응답으로 꼽혔다.
남성의 경우, △임금 수준(33.7%) △근무 시간(28.0%) △고용 형태(15.3%) △직무 난이도나 업무 강도(6.6%) 등으로 응답했다.
여성은 △근무 시간(49.6%) △임금 수준(20.5%) △직무 난이도나 업무 강도(11.0%) △고용 형태(9.7%) 등이었다. 한경협은 “여성의 경우 가족돌봄·가사 역할을 병행하는 상황에서 근무시간의 유연성을 중요시하기 때문”이라고 해석했다.
4050 중장년이 재취업 시 희망하는 최소한의 세전 연봉은 평균 4149만원으로, 이는 주된 직장에서 받던 연봉 대비 약 75% 수준인 것으로 나타났다. 재취업 시 희망 근무 연령은 평균 65.6세까지였다.
아울러 4050 중장년이 주된 직장을 그만둔 이유로는 남성은 ‘정리해고·권고사직(22.5%)’, 여성은 ‘육아·돌봄·가사(43.2%)’가 가장 많은 응답을 보였다.
남성의 경우, △정리해고·권고사직(22.5%) △더 나은 근무조건을 찾아 이직하기 위해(16.4%) △건강 문제로 인해(15.8%) △새로운 직무나 직업으로 전직하기 위해(14.2%) 등이었다.
여성의 경우, △육아·돌봄·가사 등으로 인해(43.2%) △사업체의 휴업·폐업(11.2%) △건강 문제로 인해(10.4%) △정리해고·권고사직(8.1%) 순이었다.
4050 중장년이 구직활동을 하지 않은 이유에서도 남성은 ‘휴식(24.4%)’의 응답비중이 높은 반면, 여성은 ‘육아·돌봄·가사(38.7%)’의 응답비중이 높게 나타났다.
4050 중장년 구직자를 지난 1년간 구직활동 여부로 구분해 조사한 결과, 구직활동을 안 한 4050 남성은 구직활동 중단 사유로 △일정 기간 휴식을 취하기 위해서(24.4%) △계속된 구직활동 실패에 의한 좌절감 때문에(23.2%) △재취업을 위한 구직정보를 어떻게 찾아야 할지 몰라서(18.1%) 등이었다.
구직활동을 안 한 4050 여성은 △육아·돌봄·가사로 구직활동이 어려워서(38.7%) △일정 기간 휴식을 취하기 위해서(19.6%) △원하는 조건의 일자리가 없을 것 같아서(17.5%) 순으로 응답해 가정 내 돌봄 역할이 여성의 경제활동 중단에 결정적 요인으로 작용하고 있는 것으로 조사됐다.
4050 중장년 구직자에게 가장 부담되는 지출항목은 ‘본인 가구의 의식주를 위한 생활비’(35.7%)를 제외하고는 △자녀의 사교육비 및 학자금(17.7%) △본인 가구의 병원비 및 건강 관련 지출(16.9%) △대출 원금 및 이자 상환(15.8%) △본인의 부모 또는 배우자의 부모를 위한 생활비 및 의료비 지원(9.5%) 등이었다.
노후 준비 수준을 묻는 문항에서는 ‘부족하다’라는 응답이 76.3%로 상당한 비중을 차지했다.
4050 중장년 구직자의 재취업 지원을 위한 정책과제로는 ‘중장년 친화 유연근무제 및 시간제 일자리 확대(22.2%)’가 가장 많은 응답을 차지했다. 이어 △중장년 특화 직무 교육 및 경력 전환 지원 강화(22.0%) △중장년 대상 공공일자리 확충(17.9%) △채용 수요 확대를 위해 고용주에게 중장년 고용 인센티브 제공(15.7%) 순이었다.
특히, 여성의 경우 ‘중장년 친화 유연근무제 및 시간제 일자리 확대’가 필요하다고 응답한 비율(24.5%)이 남성(19.8%)보다 높아, 유연근무제 및 양질의 시간제 일자리 확대에 대한 중장년 여성의 정책수요가 높은 것으로 나타났다.
이상호 한경협 경제산업본부장은 “경기침체 장기화로 중장년층의 고용 기반이 흔들리고 있다”며 “경제의 허리 역할을 담당하는 4050세대가 고용 정책에서 소외되지 않도록 맞춤형 고용지원 정책이 필요하며, 중장년 여성의 일·가정 양립을 위한 근로시간 유연화 노력도 요구된다”고 말했다.
break9874@naver.com
*아래는 위 기사를 '구글 번역'으로 번역한 영문 기사의 [전문]입니다. 구글번역'은 이해도 높이기를 위해 노력하고 있습니다. 영문 번역에 오류가 있을 수 있음을 전제로 합니다.<*The following is [the full text] of the English article translated by 'Google Translate'. 'Google Translate' is working hard to improve understanding. It is assumed that there may be errors in the English translation.>
4050 Middle-aged and Older People's First-Priority Reemployment Condition: Men's 'Wage', Women's 'Working Hours'
According to a survey, the most important working conditions for middle-aged and older job seekers in their 40s and 50s when seeking re-employment are ‘wage level’ for men and ‘working hours’ for women. The re-employment support policy they need the most is ‘expansion of flexible work systems and part-time jobs specialized for middle-aged and older people.’
According to the Korea Economic Association on the 30th, a survey on re-employment awareness (500 responses) conducted by Monoresearch, a public opinion research institute, targeting middle-aged and older job seekers in their 40s and 50s, showed that ‘wage level (33.7%)’ was the most common response for men and ‘working hours (49.7%)’ was the most common response for women.
In the case of men, the most common responses were △wage level (33.7%) △working hours (28.0%) △employment type (15.3%) △job difficulty or work intensity (6.6%).
For women, the reasons were △working hours (49.6%), △wage level (20.5%), △job difficulty or work intensity (11.0%), and △employment type (9.7%). The Korea Economic Daily interpreted this as “because women value flexibility in working hours in situations where they are simultaneously taking care of their families and doing housework.”
The minimum pre-tax annual salary that middle-aged people in their 40s and 50s hope for when reemployed was an average of 41.49 million won, which is about 75% of the annual salary they received at their main job. The average desired working age when reemployed was 65.6 years old.
In addition, the most common reason for middle-aged people in their 40s and 50s to quit their main job was ‘layoff/recommended resignation (22.5%)’ for men, and ‘childcare/care/housework (43.2%)’ for women.
For men, the reasons were: △Restructuring layoffs/recommended resignation (22.5%), △To find better working conditions (16.4%), △Due to health issues (15.8%), and △To move to a new job or occupation (14.2%).
For women, the reasons were: △Due to childcare, care, and housework (43.2%), △Business suspension/closure (11.2%), △Due to health issues (10.4%), and △Restructuring layoffs/recommended resignation (8.1%).
Among the reasons for not seeking employment among middle-aged people in their 40s and 50s, men responded that they were taking a break (24.4%), while women responded that they were taking care of childcare, care, and housework (38.7%).
As a result of a survey of middle-aged job seekers in their 40s and 50s, who were categorized by whether they had been seeking employment in the past year, the reasons for stopping job seeking for men in their 40s and 50s who had not been seeking employment were as follows: △To take a break for a certain period of time (24.4%), △Because of frustration due to continued failure in job seeking (23.2%), and △Because they did not know how to find job information for re-employment (18.1%).
The results showed that the caregiving role at home is a decisive factor in women’s stopping economic activity, in that order: △To take a break for a certain period of time due to childcare, care, and housework (38.7%), △To take a break for a certain period of time (19.6%), and △Because they did not think they would be able to find a job that met their desired conditions (17.5%).
The most burdensome expenditure items for middle-aged job seekers in their 40s and 50s, excluding ‘living expenses for their own household’s food, clothing, and shelter’ (35.7%), were: △private education expenses and tuition for their children (17.7%), △hospital and health-related expenses for their own household (16.9%), △loan principal and interest repayment (15.8%), and △support for living expenses and medical expenses for their own or their spouse’s parents (9.5%).
In the question asking about the level of preparation for old age, the response ‘insufficient’ accounted for a significant proportion at 76.3%.
The most common response to the policy task for supporting reemployment of middle-aged job seekers in their 40s and 50s was ‘expansion of middle-aged-friendly flexible work systems and part-time jobs (22.2%).’ Next, in order, △Strengthening specialized job training and career transition support for middle-aged and older people (22.0%), △Expanding public jobs for middle-aged and older people (17.9%), and △Providing middle-aged and older people with employment incentives to employers to expand employment demand (15.7%).
In particular, the percentage of women who responded that ‘Middle-aged and Older-Friendly Flexible Work System and Part-Time Jobs’ are necessary (24.5%) was higher than that of men (19.8%), indicating that middle-aged and older women have a high demand for policies to expand flexible work systems and quality part-time jobs.
Lee Sang-ho, head of the Economic and Industrial Headquarters of the Korea Economic Association, said, “The employment base of middle-aged and older people is shaking due to the prolonged economic recession,” and “Customized employment support policies are needed so that the 40-50 generation, which plays a pivotal role in the economy, is not excluded from employment policies, and efforts to flexibly expand working hours are also required to help middle-aged and older women balance work and family life.”
