 ▲ 정길선, 러시아 과학아카데미 유라시아 고고인류학연구소 연구교수. ©브레이크뉴스 |
고려에 귀화한 정선이씨 집안 인물 중에 고려의 권세가로 이름높은 인물이 하나 있다. 이의민(李義旼)이라고 고려 중기 시대의 무신으로 1170년 정중부가 일으킨 무신의 난에 참여하여 큰 공을 세운 인물이다. 그는 정중부, 경대승에 이어 무신 정권의 한 축으로 무려 13년간 철권 통치를 했다. 이후 그는 최충헌과 그의 형제들에게 처형되면서 그 때부터 최씨 무신 정권이 시작된다.
이양혼은 베트남 이왕조 인종(이건덕, 李乾德, 재위, 1072~1128)의 셋째 아들이자, 5대 임금 신종(이양환, 李陽煥, 재위, 1128~1138) 의 아우로 신종과 왕위를 다투다가 북송으로 망명하여 송나라 문하시중이었던 진(陳)씨의 딸과 결혼하였는데, 송나라 휘종(재위, 1100~1125) 때 금나라의 공격으로 북송이 쇠하고 남송으로 전환되는 1127년에 고려로 들아와 경주에 정착하고, 2세손 이시두(李君郁)는 고려 인종(재위, 1122~1146)에 예의판서(족보)에 올랐고, 6세손 이의민(李義旼)은 상장군, 종형 이희민(李羲旼)은 문하시중이 되었다. 이양혼의 9세손 이우원(李遇元)은 정선에 정착하여 본관을 정선으로 하였다.
이의민의 출생 년도는 미상으로 경주의 소금장수 이선을 아버지로 영일현(지금의 포항시 연일읍)에 있던 옥령사(玉靈寺)의 여종을 어머니로 하여 경주에서 태어났다. 형제는 3형제였는데 그가 막내였다 한다. 그의 일족은 본래 베트남 출신이었지만 6대조 이양혼이 경주에 정착한 이후, 그가 태어날 무렵에도 경주에서 생활하였다. 1196년 이의민이 최충헌에게 피살되고 일가가 몰살된 뒤에도 한동안 이의민의 친척들은 경주에 있었다고 한다.
이의민은 최근까지 경주에서 출생하였기 때문에, 경주 이씨로 알려졌으나 본래 경주 이씨가 아닌 안남 이씨로 알려진 정선이씨이고, 이우원(李遇元)이 정선으로 분파한 이후에, 본관을 정선으로 기록하였다. 이의민이 경주의 천한 가문 출신이라고 기술되고 있는데, 고려 시대 무신정권의 세력다툼, 후기 문신들이 전횡하는 상황속에서 의도적으로 부정적으로 묘사된 측면이 있다. 그리고 조선 시대에는 충(忠)이라는 유교적 가치를 중시하였기 때문에, 무신정권의 모든 인물을 부정적인 시각에서 기술하였다.
현재에는 고려 왕조을 지지하는 사람들이 무신정권에 거부감이 있어, 이의민, 최충헌, 최우 등의 무신정권 실권자들을 부정적으로 묘사하고 있다. 6대조 이양혼의 종손자가 되는 이용상은 조카 혜종의 섭정이었으나 진수도의 쿠데타로 밀려나 배편으로 고려로 망명했다. 고조부뻘이 되지만 그보다 뒤인 1226년 고려로 온 이용상은 1226년 몽골군이 고려에 쳐들어왔다가 항복을 선언하고 퇴각한 뒤 큰 나무상자를 선물로 보냈다. 이용상은 나무 상자에 뜨거운 물을 부으라고 고려 고종에게 건의했고, 고종이 나무 상자에 물을 부은 뒤 열어보자 몽골군 수십명이 죽어 있었다. 고려 고종은 이용상에게 벼슬을 내리고 화산군에 봉작한 뒤 고려에 정착하게 했다. lukybaby7@gmail.com
*필자/ 정길선.
노바토포스 회원, 역사학자, 고고인류학자, 칼럼니스트, 러시아 과학아카데미 유라시아 고고인류학연구소 연구교수.
*아래는 위 기사를 '구글 번역'으로 번역한 영문 기사의 [전문]입니다. '구글번역'은 이해도 높이기를 위해 노력하고 있습니다. 영문 번역에 오류가 있을 수 있음을 전제로 합니다.<*The following is [the full text] of the English article translated by 'Google Translate'. 'Google Translate' is working hard to improve understanding. It is assumed that there may be errors in the English translation.>
The story of the Jeongseon Yi clan, the descendants of the Vietnamese Yi Dynasty, the Hwasan Yi clan, and Geumgang Yacha Lee Ui-min (李義旼)
-Jeong Gil-seon, columnist
Among the members of the Jeongseon Lee family who were naturalized in Goryeo, there is one person who is famous for being a powerful figure in Goryeo. Lee Ui-min (李義旼) was a military official of the mid-Goryeo period who made great contributions by participating in the military rebellion started by Jeongjeongbu in 1170. Following Jeongjeongbu and Gyeongdaeseung, he was part of the military regime and ruled with an iron fist for 13 years. Afterwards, he was executed by Choi Chung-heon and his brothers, and from then on, the Choi clan's military regime began.
Lee Yang-hon was the third son of King Injong (Lee Geon-deok, 李乾德, reigned, 1072-1128) of the Vietnamese Yi Dynasty, and the younger brother of the fifth king, King Shinjong (Lee Yang-hwan, 李陽煥, reigned, 1128-1138). He competed for the throne with King Shinjong and went into exile in Northern Song. He married the daughter of Jin, a scholar of the Song Dynasty. He came to Goryeo and settled in Gyeongju in 1127, when the Northern Song Dynasty was weakened and converted to the Southern Song Dynasty due to an attack by the Jin Dynasty during the reign of Huizong (reign, 1100-1125) of the Song Dynasty. Lee Si-du (李君郁), the 2nd generation descendant, was listed in the royal genealogy list of the Goryeo Dynasty (reign, 1122-1146), 6th generation descendant Lee Ui-min (李義旼) was appointed Sangjang-gun, and his eldest brother Lee Hee-min (李羲旼) was listed as a scholar-official. Lee Woo-won (李遇元), the 9th generation descendant of Lee Yang-hon, settled in Jeongseon and made Jeongseon his main residence.
Lee Ui-min's year of birth is unknown. He was born in Gyeongju with Lee Seon, a salt seller in Gyeongju, as his father and a female servant from Oknyeongsa Temple in Yeongilhyeon (currently Yeonil-eup, Pohang City) as his mother. It is said that she had three siblings and he was the youngest. His clan was originally from Vietnam, but after his 6th great-great-grandfather Lee Yang-hon settled in Gyeongju, he was still living in Gyeongju around the time he was born. It is said that Yi Ui-min's relatives were in Gyeongju for a while even after he was assassinated by Choe Chung-heon and his family was exterminated in 1196.
Because Lee Ui-min was born in Gyeongju until recently, he was known as the Gyeongju Lee clan, but he was originally from the Jeongseon Lee clan, known as the Annam Lee clan, not the Gyeongju Lee clan. After Lee Woo-won (李遇元) branched off to Jeongseon, his origin was recorded as Jeongseon. Lee Ui-min is described as being from a lowly family in Gyeongju, but there is an intentional negative portrayal in the context of the power struggle of the military regime during the Goryeo Dynasty and the tyranny of later civil servants. And because the Joseon Dynasty placed great emphasis on the Confucian value of loyalty, all figures of the military regime were described in a negative light.
Currently, those who support the Goryeo dynasty have aversion to the military regime, and are portraying those in power under the military regime, such as Lee Ui-min, Choi Chung-heon, and Choi Woo, in a negative light. Lee Yong-sang, the great grandson of the 6th Great King Lee Yang-hon, was the regent of his nephew Hyejong, but was pushed out by Jin Su-do's coup and went into exile by ship to Goryeo. Lee Yong-sang, who was about the same age as his great-great-grandfather but came to Goryeo later in 1226, sent a large wooden box as a gift after the Mongolian army invaded Goryeo in 1226, declared surrender and retreated. Lee Yong-sang suggested Gojong of Goryeo to pour hot water into a wooden box. When King Gojong poured water into the wooden box and opened it, dozens of Mongolian soldiers were dead. Gojong of Goryeo gave Lee Yong-sang a government position and had him serve in Hwasan-gun and settle in Goryeo. lukybaby7@gmail.com
*Writer/ Jeong Gil-seon.
Novatopos member, historian, archaeological anthropologist, columnist, research professor at the Institute of Eurasian Archeology and Anthropology of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
