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브레이크뉴스 문홍철 기자= 중소기업 2곳 중 1곳은 환율 급등으로 피해가 발생한 것으로 조사됐다.
20일 중소기업중앙회에 따르면 지난 1월 14일부터 31일까지 중소기업 360개 사를 대상으로 실시한 ‘高환율 관련 중소기업 실태조사’ 결과, 수입 중소기업의 2024년도 평균 수입액은 56억3000만원이며, 품목별 수입액 비중은 원자재(59.1%)가 평균 33억3000만원으로 가장 높았다.
국내 업체를 통해 간접 수입 중인 중소기업의 2024년도 평균 수입액은 19억9000만원이며, 이 역시 원자재(64.8%) 비중이 12억9000만원으로 가장 높게 나타났다.
최근 환율 급등으로 ‘피해가 발생’한 중소기업(51.4%)은 ‘이익 발생’ 중소기업(13.3%)을 크게 상회했다.
이중 ‘피해가 발생’했다고 응답한 기업의 비중은 수입만 하는 기업(82.8%), 수입과 수출을 모두 하는 기업(62.1%), 수출입을 하지 않는 내수기업(48.4%), 수출만 하는 기업(26.2%) 순이었다.
피해 유형 조사 결과, ‘환차손 발생’과 ‘고환율로 인한 생산비용 증가’로 응답한 기업이 각 51.4%로 가장 많았고, △수입 비용 증가로 인한 가격경쟁력 저하(49.2%) △환율상승분에 대한 납품단가 미반영(40.0%) 등이었다.
환율 상승으로 인한 수입 비용 증가분에 대해서는 중소기업의 70.3%가 ‘1억 원 미만’으로 응답했다.
환율 상승 대응을 위해 필요한 정부 지원책으로는 ‘대출만기연장 및 금리인하’가 42.8%로 가장 높게 나타났으며, △운임 및 선복 등 물류지원 확대(26.7%) △환변동 보험 및 무역 보증 지원(26.1%) 등이었다.
또한, 미국 트럼프 2기 행정부 출범에 따른 환율 전망은 ‘상승’할 것이라는 의견이 66.4%로 가장 높았다.
조사 시점 기준 기업이 영업 적자를 보기 시작하는 ‘손익분기점 환율’은 1달러 기준 평균 1334.6원으로 응답했으며, 기업의 목표 영업이익 달성을 위한 ‘적정 환율’은 평균 1304.0원으로 조사됐다.
김철우 중기중앙회 통상정책실장은 “최근 원·달러 환율이 1400원대 수준에 머물면서 수출입 중소기업의 피해가 늘고 있다”며, “환율안정을 위한 정부의 적극적인 정책 대응이 필요하다”고 말했다.
break9874@naver.com
*아래는 위 기사를 '구글 번역'으로 번역한 영문 기사의 [전문]입니다. '구글번역'은 이해도 높이기를 위해 노력하고 있습니다. 영문 번역에 오류가 있을 수 있음을 전제로 합니다.<*The following is [the full text] of the English article translated by 'Google Translate'. 'Google Translate' is working hard to improve understanding. It is assumed that there may be errors in the English translation.>
51.4% of small and medium-sized enterprises suffer damage due to sharp rise in exchange rate.. Average fair exchange rate is 1,304 won
It was found that one out of two small and medium-sized enterprises suffered damage due to the sharp rise in the exchange rate.
According to the Korea Federation of SMEs on the 20th, the average import amount of small and medium-sized enterprises in 2024 was 5.63 billion won, and the proportion of import amount by item was the highest for raw materials (59.1%) at an average of 3.33 billion won.
The average import amount of small and medium-sized enterprises importing indirectly through domestic companies in 2024 was 1.99 billion won, and the proportion of raw materials (64.8%) was also the highest at 1.29 billion won.
The number of small and medium-sized enterprises that ‘suffered damage’ due to the recent sharp rise in the exchange rate (51.4%) significantly exceeded the number of small and medium-sized enterprises that ‘generated profit’ (13.3%).
Among the companies that responded that they had suffered ‘damage’, the proportion of companies that only import (82.8%), companies that both import and export (62.1%), domestic companies that do not import or export (48.4%), and companies that only export (26.2%) were in that order.
As a result of the survey on the types of damage, the companies that responded with ‘exchange rate loss’ and ‘increased production costs due to high exchange rates’ were the most at 51.4% each, followed by △decrease in price competitiveness due to increased import costs (49.2%) and △non-reflection of the exchange rate increase in the supply price (40.0%).
Regarding the increase in import costs due to the exchange rate increase, 70.3% of small and medium-sized companies responded with ‘less than 100 million won’.
The government support measures needed to respond to the rising exchange rate were ‘extension of loan maturity and interest rate cut’ at 42.8%, followed by △expansion of logistics support such as freight and shipping (26.7%), and △support for exchange rate fluctuation insurance and trade guarantee (26.1%).
In addition, the opinion that the exchange rate outlook for the inauguration of the second Trump administration in the United States will ‘rise’ was the highest at 66.4%.
As of the time of the survey, the ‘break-even point exchange rate’ at which companies begin to see operating losses was responded to as 1,334.6 won per dollar on average, and the ‘appropriate exchange rate’ for achieving companies’ target operating profit was surveyed to be 1,304.0 won on average.
Kim Cheol-woo, Director of Trade Policy at the Korea Federation of SMEs, said, “Recently, as the won-dollar exchange rate has remained in the 1,400 won range, damage to exporting and importing SMEs is increasing,” and “An active policy response from the government to stabilize the exchange rate is necessary.”
