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손무가 다시 눈을 떠 갑골문에서 우왕은 어떻게 승계했는지를 찾아서 읽기 시작했다. 우왕도 역시 왕의 자리를 세습하지 않고 동이東夷의 백익伯益에게 물려주려 했다. 아들 계啓가 어리석어서가 아니었다. 대단히 영특해 왕이 되기에 조금도 손색이 없었지만, 천하가 개인의 것이 되어서는 안된다는 신념 때문이었다.
만일 계가 물려받으면 선례가 되어 천하가 한 혈통의 것이 되고 만다. 그 다음부터는 천자가 되는데 능력과 인품보다는 혈통만 보게 된다. 만약 누군가 왕이 되려 하면, 왕과 그 일족을 죽여야만 하는 사생결단을 해야 한다. 우왕도 평소에 그런 생각을 품고 있었다. 그래서 아들 계가 비록 능력이 있다 해도 세습하지 않으려 했던 것이다.
하지만 역사는 우왕의 소망과 달리 흘러갔다. 우왕이 갑작스럽게 죽게 되는 바람에 영리한 계가 선수를 쳐 왕위를 차지했다. 결국 백익은 기산岐山속 깊은 곳으로 도망칠수 밖에 없었고 그곳에서 중국 최초의 지리서 《산해경山海經》을 지었다.
여기까지 갑골문을 읽은 손무가 《산해경》을 소장해 둔 옆방으로 갔더니 그 방을 관리하는 무미한武微汗이 비단에 옮겨 적어 놓은 《산해경》을 내주었다. 《산해경》은 백익이 우를 모시고 구주九州를 돌며 치수하러 다닐 때 산천초목을 분류해 놓았던 기록을 정리해 놓은 책으로, 각 지방의 특징과 역사, 신화, 종교 등이 담겨 있었다. 《산해경》에 나오는 삼황오제三皇五帝는 동이족의 갈래인 숙신씨肅愼氏의 출신이며. 삼황중에 복희伏犧는 사냥 기술을, 수인燧人은 불 사용법을, 신농神農은 농사짓는 법을 개발했다. 그 덕에 사람들이 불을 사용하고 사냥도 하고는 농사도 지을 수 있게 되었던 것이다.
삼황 이후 오제五帝가 나타났는데, 첫째가 황하 중류에서 다스린 황제黃帝이며, 둘째는 황제의 손자 전욱顓頊, 셋째가 황제의 증손자 제곡帝嚳이다. 그 다음이 요와 순이다. 이들 삼황오제는 중원의 만국을 오직 하나의 철학만으로 통치했다.
‘다른 사람을 아끼며 사랑한다(외인애지偎人愛之)’
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<*The following is [the full text] of the English article translated by 'Google Translate'. 'Google Translate' is working hard to improve understanding. It is assumed that there may be errors in the English translation.>
[Novel The Art of War 12]
The world is peaceful only when ruled by non-action
Sun Wu opened his eyes again and began to read about how King Wu succeeded to the throne. King Wu also did not want to make the throne hereditary but wanted to pass it on to Baek Ik of Dongyi. It was not because his son, Ji, was foolish. He was extremely intelligent and worthy of being king, but it was because he believed that the world should not be owned by one person. If Ji inherited the throne, it would set a precedent and the world would belong to one bloodline. After that, when he became the emperor, ability and character were no longer important, and only bloodline was considered. In this way, if someone wanted to become king, they would have to kill the king and his family, so they would have to make a life-or-death decision. King Wu had always had such thoughts. That was why he did not want to make Ji hereditary even though he had the ability. However, history went the opposite way. King Wu died suddenly. Because of this, the clever Ji took the throne first. At this time, Bai Yi fled deep into Mount Qi and wrote the first geography book in China, the Shan Hai Jing. After reading up to this point, Sun Tzu went to the room next door where the Shan Hai Jing was stored. Wu Weihan, who was in charge of the room, gave him the Shan Hai Jing, which had been copied onto silk. The Shan Hai Jing was a book that organized the records of the mountains, rivers, plants, and trees that Bai Yi had classified while he accompanied Yu to the nine provinces to inspect the waters. It contained the characteristics, history, mythology, and religion of each region. This Shan Hai Jing was also passed down through the generations in Sun Tzu’s family, but it was lost when he moved to Wu. The Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors appear in the Shan Hai Jing, and they were descendants of the Su Shen clan, a branch of the Dongyi tribe. Among the Three Sovereigns, Fu Xi developed hunting techniques, Shu Ren developed the use of fire, and Shennong developed farming methods. Thanks to these, the people of the Central Plains were able to use fire, hunt, and farm. After the Three Sovereigns, the Five Emperors appeared. The first was the Yellow Emperor, who ruled from the middle reaches of the Yellow River. The second was the Yellow Emperor's grandson, Zhuan Xu, and the third was the Yellow Emperor's great-grandson, Di Gu. They were followed by Yao and Shun. The Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors ruled the nations of the Central Plains with a love for others. The peace of the Central Plains was thanks to the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors who had such primitive communal ideas of equality.
